Respiratory physiology
ACID-BASE TUTORIAL - www.acid-base.com/terminology.php#SBic2
Behnke BJ, Delp MD (2010) Aging blunts the dynamics of vasodilation in isolated skeletal muscle resistance vessels. J Appl Physiol, 108, 14-20
Belavύ DL (2010) Countermeasures against lumbar spine deconditioning in prolonged bed rest: resistive exercise with and without whole body vibration. J Appl Physiol, 109, 1801-1811
jap.physiology.org/content/109/6/1801.abstract
resistive exercise can reduce lumbar muscle atrophy during bed rest
Benedik PS, Baun MM, Keus L (2009) Effects of body position on resting lung volume in overweight and mildly to moderately obese subjects. Respir Care, 54, 3, 334-9
supine reduces FRC by about 1 litre; head-up by 30 degrees restores half of this
standard position changes to increase FRC are ineffective in obese patients.
Deshpande DA, Wang WCH, McIlmoyle EL et al (2010) Bitter taste receptors on airway smooth muscle bronchodilate by localized calcium signaling and reverse obstruction. Nature Medicine, doi:10.1038/nm.2237
www.nature.com/nm/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/nm.2237.html
bitter taste receptors have been identified in the airways, almost by mistake; these cause relaxation of airway smooth muscle that is threefold greater than β-adrenergic agonist drugs
Epstein CD (1993) Oxygen transport variables in the identification and treatment of tissue hypoxia. Heart Lung, 22, 328-48
comprehensive description of the oxygen cascade, with useful definitions and diagrams
Homnick DN (2007) Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation for airway mucus clearance. Respir Care, 52, 10, 12961305.
good explanation of physiology of cough.
Karbing DS, Kjaergaard S, Smith BW, Espersen K, Allerψd C, Andreassen S, Rees SE (2007) Variation in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio with FiO2: mathematical and experimental description, and clinical relevance. Crit Care, 11:R118
ccforum.com/content/11/6/R118
PaO2/FiO2 quantifies effects of treatment
PaO2/FiO2 varies with both FiO2 and SaO2
classifies patients' gas exchange status, including definitions of ALI (27 kPa ≤ PaO2/FiO2 < 40 kPa) and ARDS (PaO2/FiO2 < 27 kPa)
(useful commentary on how this measurement can achieve a balance between accuracy and feasibility is on ccforum.com/content/11/6/182)
Leach RM, Treacher DF (1998) ABC of oxygen: Oxygen transport 2. Tissue hypoxia. BMJ, 317, 13703
Lowe R (2005) Critical review of positioning for ventilation/perfusion matching. ACPRC Journal, 37, 50-55
www.acprc.org.uk/dmdocuments/journal372005.pdf
MacIntyre NR (2000) Oxygen therapy and exercise response in lung disease. Resp Care, 45, 194-200
www.rcjournal.com/contents/02.00/02.00.pdf
O'Donnell CP, Holguin F, Dixon AE (2010) Pulmonary physiology and pathophysiology in obesity. J Appl Physiol, 108, 1, 197-198
jap.physiology.org/content/108/1/197.full
Pierson DJ (2009) The physiology of dinosaurs: circulatory and respiratory function in the largest animals ever to walk the earth. Respir Care, 54, 7, 887-911
dinosaur2009-blog.blogspot.com/2009/08/physiology-of-dinosaurs-circulatory-and.html
long-necked dinosaurs may have needed (a) a BP ten times that of the giraffe, or auxiliary cervical hearts or blood vessels acting as siphons, and (b) an avian respiratory system which avoids the constraints of dead space
Piper AJ, Grunstein R (2010) Big breathing: the complex interaction of obesity, hypoventilation, weight loss, and respiratory function. J Appl Physiol, 108,199-205
jap.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/108/1/199
obesity places a significant load on the respiratory system, affecting lung volumes, respiratory muscle function, work of breathing, and ventilatory control
Salome CM, King GG, Berend N (2010) Physiology of obesity and effects on lung function . J Appl Phys, 108, 206-211
Sauvet F, Leftheriotis G (2010) Effect of acute sleep deprivation on vascular function in healthy subjects. J Appl Physiol, 108, 68-75
jap.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/108/1/68
sleep disorders induce inflammation and sympathetic activation, inducing endothelial dysfunction and increased risk of cardiovascular disease
Smith MD, Russell A, Hodges PW (2006) Disorders of breathing and continence have a stronger association with back pain than obesity and physical activity. Austr J Physiother, 52, 11-16
dual role of the diaphragm and transverses abdominis (both breathing and posture) explains how patients with a fatigued diaphragm are unable to provide adequate support for their spine.
Smith-Blair N (2002) Mechanisms of diaphragm fatigue. AACN Clinical Issues, 13, 2, 307-19
www.aacnclinicalissues.com/pt/re/aacn/abstract.00044067-200205000-00014.htm;jsessionid=FNqJLSGYf0h12XyM9tRv7LPshsP4CCsfgz4JWhgt9J18ZGzLfpTv!-1434154485!-949856145!8091!-1
Schwartz CE, Durocher JJ, Carter JR (2011) Neurovascular responses to mental stress in prehypertensive humans. J Appl Physiol, 110, 76-82
jap.physiology.org/content/110/1/76.abstract
Townsend P, Webster NR (2000) Why is the patient still hypoxic despite being ventilated? J Roy Coll Surg Edinburgh, 45, 235-40
www.rcsed.ac.uk/journal/vol45%5F4/4540026.htm
oxygen cascade, oxygen delivery, oxygen stores
Treacher DF, Leach RM (1998) ABC of oxygen: Oxygen transport 1: Basic principles. Br Med J, 317,1302 6
plus response:
bmj.bmjjournals.com/cgi/eletters/317/7168/1302#1226
Walusinski O (2010) The Mystery of Yawning in Physiology and Disease. Karger. ISBN: 978-3-8055-9404-2
Watson RA, Pride NB (2005) Postural changes in lung volumes and respiratory resistance in subjects with obesity. J Appl Physiol, 98, 512-517
Zavorsky GS, Wilson B (2010) Pulmonary diffusion and aerobic capacity: is there a relation? Does obesity matter? Act Physiol, 198, 499-507
the diffusing capacity for nitric oxide (DLNO) is used if a tighter relation with peak oxygen consumption is required
AACN = American Association of Critical Care Nurses
ACPRC = Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Respiratory Care
ALI = acute lung injury
ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome
FRC = functional residual capacity.